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61.
M. -B. Schröder 《Protoplasma》1985,124(1-2):123-129
Summary This paper describes the development of pollen grains ofGasteria verrucosa from the late microspore to the mature two-cellular pollen grain. Ultrastructural changes and the distribution of plastids as a result of the first pollen mitosis have been investigated using light and electron microscopy. The microspores as well as the generative and the vegetative cell contain mitochondria and other cytoplasmic organelles during all of the observed developmental stages. In contrast, the generative cell and the vegetative cell show a different plastid content. Plastids are randomly distributed within the microspores before pollen mitosis. During the prophase of the first pollen mitosis the plastids become clustered at the proximal pole of the microspore. The dividing nucleus of the microspore is located at the distal pole of the microspore. Therefore, the plastids are not equally distributed into both the generative and the vegetative cell. The possible reasons for the polarization of plastids within the microspore are briefly discussed. The lack of plastids in the generative cell causes a maternal inheritance of plastids inGasteria verrucosa. 相似文献
62.
Kees Nieuwenhuijsen Ad J. J. C. Lammers Karel J. de Neef A. Koos Slob 《International journal of primatology》1985,6(1):77-99
Reproductive physiology was studied in female stumptail macaques. Initially the monkeys were housed indoors (individually
and in small groups) and later as one large (92 individuals) social group in an outdoor cage. Most data were collected during
the 4-year outdoor period. Plasma progesterone determination in blood samples taken at weekly intervals allowed estimation
of ovulation and conception dates. The age at first ovulation (X =3.73 years) was positively correlated with body weight at 3 years of age. The average age at first birth was 4.90 years. Gestation
lengths averaged 176.6 days. Following a live birth ovulations returned after a mean interval of 11 months but following an
abortion or still birth this interval was 1 month. Usually a number of ovulatory cycles (X =2.37) preceded a conception. Interbirth intervals (IBIs) in the outdoor cage (X =619.4 days) were significantly longer than IBIs during the indoor period (X =523.1), because indoors the infants were weaned at the age of 7 months, while outdoors weaning occurred more naturally. IBIs
following abortions or still births (X =291.9 days) were significantly shorter than IBIs following live births. Age at first ovulation, age at first birth, IBIs,
and infant production rates were not correlated with dominance rank. Ovarian cycle lengths (X =30.2 days, mode = 28 days) were comparable to previously reported data from laboratory-housed stumptails. No systematic seasonal
fluctuations were found in the onset of sexual maturity, in ovarian cycle lengths, in copulation frequencies, and in distribution
of births. 相似文献
63.
We estimated age at attainment of sexual maturity and examined reproductive seasonality for male spotted dolphins, Stenella attenuata , from the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean. Maturity was determined by histological examination of testes. Average age at sexual maturation was 14.7 yr (the mean of two readers' age estimates). Testis and epididymis weight and seminiferous tubule diameters were reliable indicators of maturity, whereas age, length and color phase were less reliable. Seasonality was determined by changes in testis and epididymis weight, relative quantity of spermatids and spermatozoa, and lumen diameter, as well as an index of testis development (weight of the right testis and epididymis divided by length of the right testis). Testis and epididymis weights and index values peaked in July and August, midway between two predicted mating seasons for the northern offshore stock, but spermatozoa levels were elevated during the predicted breeding seasons. 相似文献
64.
Bent Christensen 《Hydrobiologia》1984,115(1):91-95
A great variety of asexual reproductive modes are known among aquatic oligochaetes. The main types of these modes are shortly described. Based upon observations on natural populations, the possible genetical and ecological implications of asexual reproduction are discussed. The following points are emphasized: (1) The often expressed expectations of a strong predominance of one particularly adaptive genotype is not born out. (2) In most cases, a number of genetically distinct clones are present in each population, and they show a strong differential distribution in heterogeneous environments, indicating an effective exploitation of the available resources. (3) Most cases of asexual propagation are reproductive strategies of their own and not escape mechanisms. (4) The mechanisms underlying asexual propagation are complex and involve many aspects of the life history. The great variety of types among aquatic oligochaetes offer particularly useful models for the study of these problems. 相似文献
65.
Marc Vianey-Liaud 《Hydrobiologia》1984,109(2):165-172
Starvation of immature snails of Biomphalaria pfeifferi and B. glabrata results in an arrest of growth and animals remain immature. Spermatogenesis is limited to spermatogonia (B.g.) or spermatocytes 1 (B.p.). The number and the size of oocytes remain inferior to that of controls. Animals show reduced genital tracts.Once feeding is restored, growth is resumed but wet weight and shell diameter do not reach the same level as in controls. Fecundity and gametogenesis do not differ from that in controls. Genital tracts weight is proportional to body weight. 相似文献
66.
67.
Breeding vervet monkeys in a closed environment 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
J V Seier 《Journal of medical primatology》1986,15(5):339-349
A breeding group of vervet monkeys produced 95 offspring over five years. Fetal wastage for 114 pregnancies was 16.7%. Uterine sizes were recorded for 103 pregnancies in various stages of gestation. This enabled diagnosis of pregnancy, estimation of stage of gestation, and prediction of parturition to within two weeks. Detailed observations were made on dental eruption, pelage development, and growth of 57 infants. 相似文献
68.
69.
S. J. Wallis 《International journal of primatology》1983,4(2):153-166
Gray-cheeked mangabeys live in multimale social groups. Two groups of these monkeys were studied extensively over a period
of 22 months, and a further eight groups were observed opportunistically. Data on the occurrence of sexual swelling infernales
were collected and the different phases of swelling and deflation are described in detail together with data on their duration.
The data were found to agree broadly with those presented by other workers on captive animals. Pre and postpartum swellings
are described. The majority of copulations was observed to occur at peak swelling and a specific gesture, the head flag, was
noted as a solicitation. The data on initiation of copulations show that the males initiated more copulations than the females.
However, female-initiated copulations ended in ejaculation more often than male-initiated copulations. The behaviors of the
mangabeys during precopulation and copulation were found to be broadly similar to those of the macaque. Copulations were observed
most often on the day of peak swelling;however, adult males were the only animals to copulate prior to peak swelling. Subadult male copulations were most often after
peak swelling. Masturbation was observed to ejaculation on two occasions. The data show gestation periods of between 184 and
189 days. A mean interbirth interval was calculated to be 33.33 ± 15.87 months. 相似文献
70.
M M el-Mofty 《International journal for parasitology》1974,4(2):203-206
Induction of sexual reproduction in Opalina sudafricana by injecting its host Bufo regularis with gibberellic acid. International Journal for Parasitology4, 203–206. Opalina sudafricana parasitic in the rectum of Bufo regularis was induced to reproduce sexually when its host was injected subcutaneously with 0·3 mg of gibberellin-A3. This plant growth substance had no effect on the induction of encystation in the parasites in vitro. Urine of toads injected with gibberellin-A3 induced sexual reproduction (encystation) in the opalinids in vitro. It is speculated that the plant hormone must either be broken down into an active substance by the toad or cause the toad to excrete its own gonadal hormones (or other hormones) into the urine. This active substance or the excreted hormones may induce division in the parasites resulting in the formation of small forms which encyst. 相似文献